iCart: An Image Selling Platform

 

VijayasaiSanagaram, Jasmin T Jose

School of Computer Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India

*Corresponding Author E-mail: vijayasai10@gmail.com, jasminlijo@vit.ac.in

 

ABSTRACT:

In 2017, an estimated 1.6 billion people worldwide purchased goods of $12.3 trillion US dollars. A typical user, visits an e-commerce website, reviews the shape, size, price of product and places an order. Our goal in this paper is to develop a web portal titled as iCart.com where consumers can buy the images from different publishers by initially paying for a sample image and downloading it after paying full amount. We proposed different workflows for publishers to sell an image and consumers for buying an image using icart.com portal. iCart.com website is developed using Java Server Pages and MySQL database and is deployed in the cloud. In order to protect image creators and publishers, iCart.com is integrated with digital watermarking (a technique that protects images, digitally) capabilities. Using this website, publishers can upload images and consumers can view watermarked images. However, it is not possible for consumers to download until it is purchased. In this paper, our study provides reasons as to why such a website is useful in the current market place, proposes workflows and presents.

 

KEYWORDS: E-commerce, image publication and monetization, deployment of micro services in the cloud, Feature Extraction, Watermarked images, User Request, Purchase of image.

 

 


INTRODUCTION:

In a recent study published by AOL/Nielsen, it is mentioned that approximately 3.2 billion images are shared each day.  Majority of these are good enough for regular consumption. However, they significantly fall below expectations to produce a high-quality show or a website or to provide a service.

Additionally, with the penetration of cameras in mobile phones, we noticed significant increase in the number of image creators across the globe.  They could share their images with a few friends and families.  Unfortunately, they didn’t have the platform to ensure its delivery to masses and also monetize their work.

As e-commerce evolved, there has been a reasonable increase in businesses planning to publish these images from the creators to consumers.  iCart.com provides the necessary platform required for connecting the creators and publishers of images to the consumers of the same images.

 

Publishers and consumers are provided with logins where initially they have to register. Once registration is complete, the platform provides customized user-interfaces to both publishers and customers for ease of use.

In publisher’s login, one canview user's requests, upload images, edit images (where features can be extracted or enhanced) and eventually publish it. In customer login, the customer has modules for receiving publisher-sent images, an option to buy and download from various publishers.

 

 

We explored the possibility of deploying our website in the cloud.  Here is the rationale behind these decisions. We

noticed lower costs as the apps could be deployed without any installation of machinery. We could deploy the project faster in matter of minutes. There was no need for additional engineering personnel for the maintenance of the website. Lowered maintenance cost for the deployment. Costs can be scaled up based on demand. When the demand increased, we could increase number of CPUs dynamically. Additionally, we paid attention to cloud’s redundancy capabilities, disaster recovery capabilities and data-recovery capabilities in the event of major failures.

Based on consultations, we found that receiving and providing feedback is essential to meet the demands of the evolving imaging industry.  In order to facilitate this, we provided publishers (aka B2B partners) and consumers (B2C consumers) with a feedback form where they can submit their views and reviews.

 

LITERATURE SURVEY:

To understand the pain points in the industry, we surveyed following literature

Ø Anal Kumar and Shawkat et al described the i-shop smart shopping. I-shop is similar to that of e-commerce that we proposed where they provided a feature of choosing the time of arrival and the cost of the product. They provided the description of purchase intentionandsecurity required for the website and to attract the people. Their study is based on what amount of satisfaction the people are getting on using i-shop.

 

Ø Paul, Gary, Chieh et al described the effects of store image and service quality for the images, purchase intention. Private label brand belongs to the distributor and he sells them in the exclusive store. For an image to go on sale and necessary things to attract people are taken care of purchase intention and service quality. They described the website gets hit on service quality of images and service provided by the website.

 

Ø Dong-Ping Tian et al described the feature extraction of an image. Feature extraction of the image is converting the image into image matrix. His study shows the various feature extraction techniques. Color features, this is subjected to the particular color. If we know the color feature we can extract the matrix. Texture features are for the recognition systems as human visual systems work. Shape features are for identifying real-world objects.

 

Ø AlexandruIosup et al described the usage of the cloud to many tasks scientific computing. Many tasks scientific computing is to run the jobs parallelly by bridging the gap between high throughput computing and high-performance computing. Thus, clouds provide the users the economy of scale, clusters, and grids to the scientists etc. They also provided the information on the difference between scientific workloads and cloud workloads as they differ in size, demand, job execution model.

 

Ø Hui Ma et al proposed encryption method for cloud computing where they propose two ciphertext-approach traits based key epitome instrument (CP-AB-KEM) plans that out of the blue accomplish both outsourced encryption and outsourced decryption in two framework stockpiling models and give relating security investigation. In addition, he proposed a general confirmation instrument for a wide class of ciphertext-arrangement AB-KEM plans, which can check the accuracy. He actualized their plans in Charm and the outcomes demonstrate that the proposed plans/systems are productive and useful. Because of the intricate paring and exponentiation activities outsourcing complex activities to a cloud the server turns into an effective arrangement.

 

Hypothesis

We are in a world where everything is made easy for a person to reduce the complexity of achieving a particular task. World Wide Web is also growing fast providing new features, implementing the marketing strategies to attract the customers and also implementing many algorithms to make the user-friendly interfaces. Anal Kumar et al study shows the customer behavior and the factors responsible for the acceptance of the website by the people and proper attraction required for the website. In his description, there are four factors that affect customers behavior. They are cultural, social, psychological, personal. The cultural factors include culture, class etc. The social factors include family, groups, roles etc. The personal factors include lifestyle, occupation, personality etc. The psychological factors include motivation, learning, adaptation etc.

 

Based on these four factors the acceptance of e-shopping exists. For a customer or publisher, they have to go through these factors to accept online shopping. For a customer, his personality, lifestyle etc. drives a person to choose between online shopping or outdoor shopping. Not only these he cannot go to one shop to the other in search of images, commodities, etc. New IT for the customer's attitude is necessary for the acceptance of the website. Even we can consider the customer's acceptance of online purchasing based on the after-sales, reputation of the brand, quality, satisfactory services, customer services etc.

 

Another important aspect of the online image purchasing store images. Paul et al described the store of the images. The store is a shop of any size or kind. Many people define store in different ways. Store image is the image or impression of the store that a customer pictures in his mind when he comes across that brand. It is necessary to create a store image for a brand so that customers without any second thought come to that website similar to that of you going to Amazon or eBay to buy any clothes, shoes etc. In Paul's point of view, a store image is the perception of the customer based on the multi- attributes of a store.

 

Service quality plays a major role in the acceptance of a website. When a publisher or a customer visits our website, we need to be of assistance for that person. We should provide the most quality of our images or interface or customer service. The service quality also includes proper interaction between publisher and customer. The overall atmosphere for a user when they visit the website comes under the quality that we provide. Since we deploy that in the cloud we get a lot of storage for the details and there will not be any server delay. In case of damage to the servers due to any natural calamities, the data will not be lost. Security for the publishers and their image are provided.

 

Private label brand image is the series of brand associations stored in a user's memory. Private label represents the products are manufactured by a contract or third party and selling them in retailer's brand name. Similarly, publishers upload pictures under our brand name, sell them to the customers.  Here publishers get paid for the pictures and of them, they have to pay some amount to the website. Depending upon the image the payment varies and the payment for the website also varies. We accommodate reasonable payment for the publishers to pay us in the amount they got. We include that in overall price and the customer can see that any of them, we cut some amount and give the remaining to the publisher. We make sure Publisher get benefitted.

 

Perceived risk, where a customer experience uncertainty in buying images. The uncertainty may be on the cost of the image or the customers have doubts in purchasing images. This might cause unhappiness or unbalances. Every customer comes to the website having some kind of checklist in his mind in purchasing the image. If the selected image doesn't meet the requirements of the checklist, he/she experience uncertainty. There are some strategies that reduce perceived risk. There are Leverage quantitative data, offer transparency, manage their expectations, engage stakeholders etc.

 

Purchase Intention, it is the willingness of a customer to buy the product or not. Each person comes to the website with different taste. We can't expect each customer to pick the image when they visit the website. We need to provide certain attractions for the customer to purchase an image. Some of the researchers use purchase intention as a tool to find out customer behavior. It helps out if the customers give us the positive feedback. This also increases the customers for this website. We provide details of the photographer name, location, provide images from the recognized photographers.

 

Perceived Security, it is the perception of the publisher of how the images are protected from the risks related to security. Generally, it is the security provided to the world wide web which is secure for transmitting the sensitive information. It is believed that purchase intention was influenced because of this during e-transactions. When the publisher uploads an image a key of 6 characters gets attached to it as a part of security. Each image has individual keys.

 

In some cases, customers who want to decorate their house either by murals or by hanging pictures on wall visit this website. They will have a chat with the customer care by placing the request where they get the pictures or murals of their interest. Even they can have a chat with the publisher also.

Companies like Amazon, Google etc. buy API of our website to sell our images during the budding stage. Because of that and by advertising our website we can increase the fame of the website. Once the brand gets developed customers and publishers to visit our website for buying and selling respectively.

 

RESEARCH QUESTION

The current trend is that people go to Google images to download images necessary for the work. We see non-watermarked images and watermarked images. Watermarked images look more promising than non-watermarked images. Sometimes we don't find required images for the work like presentation, decorating, photoshop etc.

The research question of this study is to create an interface where people can get the required images from the website. We display images for the visitors who are interested in downloading. If the person wants to publish he can directly go to the login page of the publisher and publish the image. To benefit the publisher, we go for the watermarked images.

 

To get the non-watermarked images customer has to buy the images. The watermark to the image is done using Java applets graphics which helps in displaying the image to the customer with the watermark and normal image to the publisher. Even if he tries to save the image he gets the webpage displaying the watermarked image. The interface includes templates, images etc.

 

This might attract people but we market our website to attract people. In the competitive society, we develop the website to become one of the most visited websites. We introduce combos and encourage people to come and publish the images they have taken or designed. Provision of subscriptions to the customers and publishers by paying nominal sum to avail special features. We provide great service for the people to make them visit our website.

 

PROPOSED MODEL

A new website has been developed following software development life cycle(SDLC) as it captures the requirements, ensures the development and delivery. Since it requires on demand requirements and to resolve problems immediately, we choose incremental model for the development as it contains modules.

 

As we are concentrating on images, we restrict the files to be uploaded to the images. Here we are going with the feature extraction of the image and it stands for files like .jpg, .jpeg, .png. After uploading the images and we extract features from the images. The extracted features are of matrix form and we store them to provide those as download whenever people try to download the original image.

 

The below figure provides you the process and the way the customer gets the image from the publisher.

 

 

Figure.1 – The Architecture defines overall structure of website.

We deployed this architecture in the cloud for the availability, storageand back up. Because of cloud, there is no need for maintenanceand increase of machinery. We keep people for the proper working of the software and add necessary features to make them user-friendly. Use of cloud reduces the cost. For a publisher, it takes two clicks to make the image available for the customers. If a publisher finds an image of no demand he can delete it. For a customer, it takes one click to send the request and a payment gateway to get the image. Customer sends the request to the respective publisher and publisher sends the image to the customer after approving.Several options were considered to optimize user- interface.

 

METHODOLOGY:

Modules Implementation

The modules include the welcome page for the people who visit our website. A description of our website and images get displayed for the people who are interested in taking the images.

Ø  For new users, we have registration module.

Ø  Login pages for both publisher and customer. The publisher publishes the image and customer buys it. After logging in, the publisher can upload the images and he has to extract features which are the image matrix of the image.

Ø  In customer login, the customer can see all the images uploaded by various publishers and he can send the request for the required non-watermarked image. If a customer downloads it he will not get an image he gets the matrix form of the image.

Ø  Publisher accepts it and sends the non-watermarked image to the customer. The customer can download the required image after payment. This is of similar to the e-commerce websitewhere publisher and customer come into interaction directly.

 

 

Figure. 2 –The Modules available in the website.

 

 

Image upload

Here the publisher has the option to upload the images and publish them. He can upload the image and if the publisher observes no gain for the image, he can delete it on his own interest.

 

Image Extraction

Image extraction is one of the techniques used to convert the image into image matrix. The reason we use that here is to provide security. If a person tries to download the non-watermarked image, he can only download the extracted feature matrix but not the image. Color is one of the features of the image. Once the color space is specified, we can easily extract the color feature of the image. Important color features include color histogram, color moments(CM), color coherence vector (CCV) and color correlogram.Along with the color feature we have texture feature too. We can get a wide variety of texture extraction algorithms.

 

The picture extraction is done in the matrix. In the event that the programmer or another client can't take the first picture with utilizing separated network organize. The Image extraction has been put away in scientific configuration. Utilizing RGB esteems and stature and width of the picture.

 

 

View Image

In this module, the customer can see the images uploaded by various images uploaded by the publisher. It is inside customer login. After selecting the required image customer can send the request to the publisher for the non-watermarked image.

 

Customer request

In this module, the publisher accepts the request and send the non-watermarked image to the customer.

 

File Download

The customer can download the image only after going through the payment gateway. Since it is a watermarked image to get the non-watermarked image the customer has to pay and then only the image gets downloaded.

 

1.      Data Flow Diagram


 

Figure. 3 – Publisher data flow diagram

 

Figure. 4 – Customer data flow diagram

 


CONCLUSION:

This paper provided the necessary information to carry out a website for images. It is observed that after developing the website we were able to provide image publication and consumption service at reduced cost. This website provided an environment where publisher and customer come to coordination where the customer buys the image from the publisher. To the customer, the images were available as a watermarked image.


 

Figure. 5 - Watermarked image

 

Figure. 6 – Non-watermarked image


After the payment for the required image, the image was available for the download and the downloaded image was a non-watermarked image. Here we used image extraction to convert the image into image matrix and whenever the customer tries to download the original he received the matrix form of the image. If the customers and publishers are satisfied with the quality of service provided by the website, there is a feedback option.  Be that as it may, in the E-commerce world, it is a humble experience to design, develop and deploy a platform that connects high quality image creators and publishers to image consumers.

 

REFERENCES:

1.     A Kumar, and A. B. M. Shawkat, (2016, December). i-SHOP: A Model for Smart Shopping. In Computer Science and Engineering (APWC on CSE), 2016 3rd Asia-Pacific World Congress on (pp. 139-143). IEEE.

2.     Ma H. Zhang, R Wan Z., Lu, Y., and Lin, S. (2015). Verifiable and exculpable outsourced attribute-based encryption for access control in cloud computing. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing.

3.     A Iosup, S Ostermann, M.N. Yigitbasi, Prodan, R., Fahringer, T., and Epema, D. (2011). Performance analysis of cloud computing services for many-tasks scientific computing. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed systems, 22(6), 931-945.

4.     ping Tian D. (2013). A review on image feature extraction and representation techniques. International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, 8(4), 385-396.

5.     Wu, P. C., Yeh, G. Y. Y., and Hsiao, C. R. (2011). The effect of store image and service quality on brand image and purchase intention for private label brands. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 19(1), 30-39.

 

 

Received on 20.04.2018            Accepted on 27.04.2018           

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Int. J. Tech. 2018; 8(2): 58-64.

DOI:10.5958/2231-3915.2018.00009.3